Answer up to two questions to have reserve credit for the quizzes later in the semester. To get credit, write your answer in a paragraph IN YOUR OWN WORDS. You MUST CITE RELIABLE REFERENCES! You may add to existing comments with new information for credit, but once someone has answered (with properly cited sources), you won't get credit for repeating the information. Participation in the quiz bank questions is optional.
Please feel free to add comments & discussion to any question at any time, even if you are not answering the questions for credit. Sign your posts with your first name and last initial.
1. Why do fetal pigs have teeth? How does pig dental development (and number/type of teeth) differ from humans? (also – what about those hollow un-erupted teeth in the fetal pig? Is this what human teeth look like before they break through the gum?)
2. Do fetal pigs have an “appendix”? Why or why not?
3. What is the purpose of the soft tissue on the hooves of the fetal pig? What happens to this tissue when the pigs are born?
4. What is the stomach of the fetal pig? How does the fetal pig get food? What does the liver do in the fetal pig?
5. Pigs don’t have clavicles. Did they lose them in evolution, or did clavicles develop in other lineages of mammals? Explain the development / loss of the clavicle through evolutionary lineages.
6. Can you live without your pancreas?
7. Why are there so many large taste buds on the sides of the fetal pigs tongue?
8. How does the “morning after” pill work? Is it the same as the ‘progestin minipill’?
9. Why can some women have an orgasm and others can not? Does this have to do with the development or protrusion of the citreous? Is it true that some women can not have an orgasm at all?
10. Is there a genetic basis for homosexuality? Can homosexuality be derived from social experience?
11. Does whether or not a woman has an orgasm during intercourse affect her chances of getting pregnant?
12. How long can sperm survive inside a human body?
8. How does the “morning after” pill work? Is it the same as the ‘progestin minipill’?
ReplyDeleteThe morning after pill is an emergency contraceptive. There are two versions: a combination pill and a progestin-only pill, such as Plan B. They work by preventing pregnancy, which is defined as the implantation of a fertilized egg in the lining of the uterus. The morning after pill functions by either interfering with ovulation, blocking the sperm from reaching the egg, or by preventing implantation by altering the endometrium lining. The exact nature of how these pills work is not yet fully understood and therefore is still an area of active research. As long as the emergency contraceptive is taken within less than 72 hours, it is around 85% effective. Once the egg has implanted, the morning after pill is ineffective.
The progestin minipill works in the same way as the emergency contraception pills. Mostly, it functions by preventing implantation and blocking sperm through a built up cervical mucus. Only certain types of these pills actually prevent ovulation because they do not completely suppress the LH and FSH hormones. This is why they are overall a less popular choice of birth control for women. Also, there is a risk of ectopic pregnancies occurring.
Erkkola, R., & Landgren, B. M. (2005). Role of progestins in contraception. [Review]. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 84(3), 207-216.
Weismiller, D. G. (2004). Emergency contraception. American Family Physician, 70(4), 707-714.
-Dallas J
Michelle H.
ReplyDeleteQuestion 1: How does the “morning after” pill work? Is it the same as the ‘progestin minipill’?
The “morning after” pill works in various ways1: normal menstrual cycle may be adjusted due to such change, egg will not be released (ovulation), irritating the lining of the uterus (hindering successful implantation). Plan B, a type of emergency contraception, works by sending the body, in some sense, fake hormones in order to disrupt normal hormonal patterns. The pill is suggested to be taken within 12 hours of unprotected sex for highly effective prevention. However it may work days (72 hours) later. It may contain estrogen and progesterone or just progesterone. It is similar to birth control but each pill (two) is in considerably high doses than birth control1. No, although some “morning after” pills contain progestin only, like the mini pill, the two are rather different. The two forms of contraceptives work similarly and differently. Both serve to work in efforts to prevent pregnancy. Similar to birth control, the mini pill is to be taken daily2, unlike the “morning after” pill which is taken in two doses. The “morning after” pill is a form of protection AFTER unprotected/unexpectedly3 unprotected sexual intercourse, giving the name “emergency contraception”.
1 Wilks, John. A Consumer's Guide to the Pill and Other Drugs. American Life. October 1997.
2 "Mini Pills- Lower Dose Oralcontraceptive." Feminist Women's Health Center. 13 March 2009. Cedar River Clinics. 30 May 2009 http://www.birth-control-comparison.info/minipill.htm.
3 "The Mini Pills or Progestin Only Contraceptive." McKinley Health Center. 22 October 2008. University of Illinois. 1 Jun 2009 http://www.mckinley.illinois.edu/Handouts/mini_pill.html.
Question 2: Why do fetal pigs have teeth? How does pig dental development (and number/type of teeth) differ from humans? (also – what about those hollow un-erupted teeth in the fetal pig? Is this what human teeth look like before they break through the gum?
The fetal pig, like humans during the development in the mother, develop primary teeth (later permanent teeth)1 and some may erupt during fetal stage, which is why some of the pigs seen in dissection showed evidence of teeth. Depending on the age of the fetal pig it is natural to see eruptions of third incisor and canine in the fetal pig1. In humans, primary teeth begin to develop in the sixth or eighth week in the uterus2, whereas permanent teeth begin to develop weeks later. Though they are not erupted, they do form during development in the uterus, NOT after birth. Because the fetal pigs were still in the mother’s uterus, teeth are still forming which supports reasons for hollow un-erupted teeth seen in dissection. Similar to humans, the overall dental anatomy of the pig consist of incisors, canines, pre-molars, and molars. However, exploring further the dental anatomy of the pig (28 teeth for piglets and 44 teeth total for adult pigs3) shows slight differences from the human dental anatomy. In humans we have 4 incisors (pigs have 6) and 2 sets of pre-molars (pigs have 4). We both have 3 sets of molars, and 1 set of canine teeth.
1 Walker, Warren. Anatomy and Dissection of the Fetal Pig. Macmillan. 1997
2 Hwang, Dr Jamie (DMD). Personal Interview. 30 May 2009
3 "Veterinary Drawing of the Teeth of Your Pet Pig." UPPR. 1 Jun 2009 http://www.upprs.com/health/teeth.htm.
An excerpt from The Veterinary Journal for Miniature Pets
How long can a sperm survive inside the human body?
ReplyDeleteSperm can live in the female body for at most a week but usaually 3-5 days. It depends on whether the female is ovulating for not. If the female is ovulating, the cervical muscus allows sperms to live longer in a wet environment. If not, the sperm will only live for couples days inside the body.
"Sperm FAQs." Male Health's Forum. June 9, 2009. website: http://www.malehealth.co.uk./userpage1.cfm?item_id=1363
Alex Hwang
Can you live without your pancreas?
ReplyDeleteThe pancreas is a vital organ in both the digestive and endocrine systems. In the digestive system, it releases pancreatic juices into the duodenum, a point in the digestive system where food is broken down. Without the pancreas in the digestive system, the patient would have to be fed digested food through a feeding tube. However, because the pancreas is part of the endocrine system, which is responsible for glucose homeostasis for example, without the pancreas, the patient would die. Pancreas transplantations have been practiced for forty years, although the procedure can result in a suppressed immune system.
Boron, W. (2008). Medical Physiology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders.
Michelle Corrado
2. Do fetal pigs have an “appendix”? Why or why not?
ReplyDeleteNo, fetal pigs do not have an appendix. The appendix is a small, tube-like attachment on the end of the human cecum. In most mammals, including fetal pigs, the cecum houses bacteria for the digestion of cellulose. Since humans do not have these symbiotic bacteria, the appendix was believed to be a vestigial body part leftover from our herbivorous anscestors. However, recent findings have shown that the appendix does play a role in the human immune response. Pigs do contain a cecum that houses bacteria, but no appendix.
Martin, Loren G. (1999). Ask the experts: What is the function of the human appendix? Did it once have a purpose that has since been lost? Scientific American. Retrieved from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-is-the-function-of-t.
-Dallas Joiner
6. Can you live without your pancreas?
ReplyDeleteThe pancreas secretes hormones, such as insulin and glucose into the bloodstream. These functions help with digestion and help regulate the sugar levels in the bloodstream. The pancreas also makes the substances that get excreted through the pancreatic duct, and they meet up with chemicals used in digestion. The functions that are performed throughout the pancreas, are essential to a person's life, and a person is not able to live with the pancreas or some sort of replacement drug. However, according to the website, replacements for most of the functions of the pancreas are available, which allows the person to live without his or her pancreas.
2007,March 20). CancerAnswers. Retrieved July 21, 2009, from PANCREAS CANCER TREATMENT INFORMATION Web site: http://www.canceranswers.com/Pancreas.Cancer.html